ENVIROTHON COMPETITION STUDY MATERIALS

enviro logo

WHAT IS THE ENVIROTHON?

  • The Envirothon is a problem-solving natural resource competition for high school students. Three Pennsylvania soil and water conservation districts first implemented it in 1979, and the first national contest was held in 1988. The objectives of the event are to allow participants to gain a deeper knowledge of the effect individual actions have on environmental problems; the interactions and interdependencies of the environment; current environmental issues; the agencies available to assist them in resource-protection matters; and the need to become environmentally aware and action-oriented adults.
     
    Participants will gain a deeper knowledge of the following:

    •  the affect individual actions have on environmental problems;

    •  the interactions and inter dependencies of our environment;

    •  current environmental issues;

    •  the agencies available to assist them in resource protection matters;

    •  the need to become environmentally aware, action-oriented adults. 

    Area businesses sponsor the event and the school system partners with the following agencies to host the Envirothon: Maryland Park Service, Allegany County Forestry Board, Maryland Cooperative Extension, Allegany County Soil Conservation District, Maryland Department of Natural Resources (fisheries, wildlife, forestry), and the Maryland Association of Forest Conservancy District Board.
     
     

    2016 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE - INVASIVE SPECIES

    (click HERE to access the resources)

    Key Topics

    1. Invasive Species and Their Impacts
    2. Pathways of Introduction and Spread
    3. The Invasive Species Management cycle (Prevent, Detect, Respond, Control)
    4. Roles and Responsibilities (Government, Non-Government, the Individual)
    5. Tools in the Toolbox (Models, Detection Tools, Monitoring Tools, Communications)
     
    Learning Objectives
    1. Explain what an invasive species is.
    2. Describe the economic, social, and environmental impacts of invasive species.
    3. Comprehend the effects/impacts of invasive species on aquatic, forest, wildlife and soil ecosystems with specific reference to biodiversity.
    4. Explain how ecological impacts may vary by species.
    5. Compare theories about the characteristics that assist invasive species in successfully establishing new populations. What makes a good invader?
    6. Describe the pathways through which invasive species are introduced.
    7. Discuss the stages of the invasive species management cycle and components of an invasive species management plan.
    8. Assess the costs associated with controlling an invasive species on a state/province-wide basis.
    9. Outline methods of controlling an invasive species.
    10. Understand how various levels of government and other organizations are involved in the management of invasive species.
    11. Are all invasive species created equal? Describe how risk is assessed.
    12. Discuss the means by which invasive species are detected and monitored and have a basic knowledge of models and tools used to monitor invasive species.
    13. Demonstrate knowledge of the policies/legislation involved in preventing, detecting, monitoring, and controlling invasive species.
    14. Describe the role for non-government and the average citizen in managing invasive species.
    15. Investigate ways to reduce the arrival of new invasive species by setting the foundations for environmentally ethical behaviors and sound environmental decision making.
    16. Demonstrate knowledge of the various forms of outreach and education being used and assess their effectiveness.

AQUATICS CONTENT

Aquatics VIDEO from ACETV ACPS on Vimeo.

  •

WILDLIFE CONTENT

more
 

Wildlife VIDEO from ACETV ACPS on Vimeo.

  •

FORESTRY CONTENT

  • FORESTRY UPDATES

    Non-Point Source Pollution and Forests

    Non point source pollution is found in all land use types: urban, agricultural, meadows and forests. Erosion is the mechanism in non point source pollution with runoff from precipitation causing the soil to wear away. Of the four land use types listed above, forests are the least polluting land cover of all. The forest canopy intercepts precipitation that falls, reducing the impact of the rain droplets. The branches and leaves catching the water droplets allow the water to slowly run down the stem or drip slowly to the ground water. Interestingly enough, the forest floor is the most crucial feature of the forest’s ability to prevent erosion. The forest floor is comprised of a complex mix of leaves, twigs and downed branches in various stages of decomposition, along with roots, fungal mycelium, soil fauna and microbes. This natural ‘mulch’ protects the soil from exposure to rain droplets. Forests can soak up the rainfall from up to a 6” rain storm, absorbing the water and releasing it to ground water without significant erosion. Erosion being a natural process, undisturbed forests still contribute some sediment and nutrients, but at a negligible rate, less than ½ ton per year.

    The time when forest land is most vulnerable to erosion is during disturbances. When the trees and litter layer of the forest are disturbed, the soil that had been protected by the vegetation is exposed to the forces of wind and rain. Forests are subject to natural disturbance such as wildfires, wind storms and earthquakes. Wildfires that burn intensely which happens often during droughts, can burn off the forest floor leaving exposed soil with little to no cover to prevent precipitation and wind from eroding the soil away. Soil loss rates of up to 60 tons per acre have been recorded on post-fire land.

    Human caused disturbances, such as timber harvest, are the other way forests become vulnerable to erosion. The actual cutting of a tree or even several trees in and of itself will not normally lead to erosion. However, building forest roads needed to haul the logs out to the mill can lead to erosion. Landing areas, which are areas cleared to allow the loading of the logs on trucks, are also subject to erosion as the soil is usually churned up and exposed during the harvest operation.  

    To prevent erosion during harvesting activities, methods and practices known as “Best Management Practices” or BMPs have been developed through careful research to minimize the movement of soil from the site.   BMPs can consist of anything from placing waterbars across roads to constructing roads at the proper grades to using mats when crossing small streams. Other BMPs include seeding skid trails when they are no longer needed to stabilize the soil. Used in the appropriate place, BMPs can almost eliminate movement of soil from the harvest site. See the attached links for more information and detailed descriptions.

     

    MD Forest Harvest BMPs:

    http://www.na.fs.fed.us/watershed/pubs/bmp/09_md_bmp_report.pdf

     

    More BMPs:                                                                                                       

    http://www.na.fs.fed.us/watershed/bmp.shtm

    http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/wacademy/acad2000/forestry/forestry5.htm

     

     

Forestry VIDEO from ACETV ACPS on Vimeo.

  •

SOILS CONTENT

Soils VIDEO from ACETV ACPS on Vimeo.